Achilles Tendon Rupture

What Is an Achilles Tendon Rupture?

The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the body, connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone. It plays a crucial role in walking, running, and jumping. An Achilles tendon rupture occurs when this tendon tears, either partially or completely. This injury is often associated with sudden movements, such as pushing off forcefully during sports or an awkward step that overstretches the tendon.

Symptoms of an Achilles Tendon Rupture

An Achilles tendon rupture typically presents with the following symptoms:

• A sudden, sharp pain in the back of the lower leg or heel, often described as feeling like being kicked or hit.

• A popping or snapping sound at the time of injury.

• Difficulty walking, especially pushing off the injured foot.

• Swelling and bruising around the ankle and lower calf.

• Weakness or inability to stand on tiptoe on the affected leg.

Treatment Options for Achilles Tendon Rupture

The treatment for an Achilles tendon rupture depends on the severity of the tear, the patient’s age, activity level, and overall health. There are both surgical and nonsurgical options.

Nonsurgical Treatment

Nonsurgical treatment may be recommended for less active individuals or those with medical conditions that make surgery riskier. It involves:

• Immobilization: The foot is placed in a cast, walking boot, or brace with the toes pointed downward to allow the tendon to heal.

• Physical Therapy: Once healing begins, physical therapy helps regain strength and flexibility.

• Gradual Weight-Bearing: The boot is adjusted over time to allow for increased movement and weight-bearing as the tendon strengthens.

Surgical Treatment

For active individuals or those seeking a quicker recovery, surgery is often recommended. It involves:

• Open Surgery: A surgeon makes an incision in the back of the lower leg and stitches the torn ends of the tendon together.

• Minimally Invasive Surgery: A smaller incision is made, and the tendon is repaired with specialized techniques to minimize scarring and infection risk.

• Post-Surgical Rehabilitation: Physical therapy is crucial after surgery to restore strength, flexibility, and function.

Who Treats Achilles Tendon Ruptures?

Several medical professionals may be involved in the diagnosis and treatment of an Achilles tendon rupture, including:

• Orthopedic Surgeons: Specialize in musculoskeletal injuries and perform surgical repairs.

• Podiatrists: Foot and ankle specialists who treat tendon injuries.

• Sports Medicine Physicians: Provide nonsurgical management and rehabilitation guidance.

• Physical Therapists: Help patients regain mobility and strength through targeted exercises.

Recovery and Outlook

Recovery from an Achilles tendon rupture typically takes several months, regardless of whether treatment is surgical or nonsurgical. With proper rehabilitation, many patients regain full function, although some may experience long-term stiffness or weakness. Returning to high-impact activities should be gradual and guided by a healthcare provider.

If you suspect an Achilles tendon rupture, seeking prompt medical attention can help ensure the best possible outcome.